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数据类型

MatrixOne 的数据类型与 MySQL 数据类型的定义一致，可参考： https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/data-types.html

整数类型

数据类型 存储空间 最小值 最大值
TINYINT 1 byte -128 127
SMALLINT 2 byte -32768 32767
INT 4 byte -2147483648 2147483647
BIGINT 8 byte -9223372036854775808 9223372036854775807
TINYINT UNSIGNED 1 byte 0 255
SMALLINT UNSIGNED 2 byte 0 65535
INT UNSIGNED 4 byte 0 4294967295
BIGINT UNSIGNED 8 byte 0 18446744073709551615

示例

  • TINYINT and TINYINT UNSIGNED
-- Create a table named "inttable" with 2 attributes of a "tinyint", a "tinyint unsigned",
create table inttable ( a tinyint not null default 1, tinyint8 tinyint unsigned primary key);
insert into inttable (tinyint8) values (0),(255), (0xFE), (253);

mysql> select * from inttable order by 2 asc;
+------+----------+
| a    | tinyint8 |
+------+----------+
|    1 |        0 |
|    1 |      253 |
|    1 |      254 |
|    1 |      255 |
+------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.03 sec)
  • SMALLINT 和 SMALLINT UNSIGNED
-- Create a table named "inttable" with 2 attributes of a "smallint", a "smallint unsigned",
drop table inttable;
create table inttable ( a smallint not null default 1, smallint16 smallint unsigned);
insert into inttable (smallint16) values (0),(65535), (0xFFFE), (65534), (65533);

mysql> select * from inttable;
+------+------------+
| a    | smallint16 |
+------+------------+
|    1 |          0 |
|    1 |      65535 |
|    1 |      65534 |
|    1 |      65534 |
|    1 |      65533 |
+------+------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
  • INT 和 INT UNSIGNED
-- Create a table named "inttable" with 2 attributes of a "int", a "int unsigned",
drop table inttable;
create table inttable ( a int not null default 1, int32 int unsigned primary key);
insert into inttable (int32) values (0),(4294967295), (0xFFFFFFFE), (4294967293), (4294967291);

mysql> select * from inttable order by a desc, 2 asc;
+------+------------+
| a    | int32      |
+------+------------+
|    1 |          0 |
|    1 | 4294967291 |
|    1 | 4294967293 |
|    1 | 4294967294 |
|    1 | 4294967295 |
+------+------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
  • BIGINT 和 BIGINT UNSIGNED
-- Create a table named "inttable" with 2 attributes of a "bigint", a "bigint unsigned",
drop table inttable;
create table inttable ( a bigint, big bigint unsigned primary key );
insert into inttable values (122345515, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFE), (1234567, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF0);

mysql> select * from inttable;
+-----------+------------------+
| a         | big              |
+-----------+------------------+
| 122345515 | 4503599627370494 |
|   1234567 | 4503599627370480 |
+-----------+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

浮点类型

数据类型 存储空间 精度 最小值 最大值 语法表示
FLOAT32 4 bytes 23 bits -3.40282e+038 3.40282e+038 FLOAT(M, D)
M 表示的是最大长度，D 表示的显示的小数位数。M 的取值范围为（1=< M <=255）。
D 的取值范围为（1=< D <=30），且 M >= D。
带精度的浮点数展示出要求精度的位数，在位数不足时，会进行末尾补 0。
FLOAT64 8 bytes 53 bits -1.79769e+308 1.79769e+308 DOUBLE(M, D)
M 表示的是最大长度，D 表示的显示的小数位数。M 的取值范围为（1=< M <=255）。
D 的取值范围为（1=< D <=30），且 M >= D。
带精度的浮点数展示出要求精度的位数，在位数不足时，会进行末尾补 0。

示例

-- Create a table named "floatt1" with precision, a trailing zero is added when the number of bits falls short
create table floatt1(a float(5, 2));
insert into floatt1 values(1), (2.5), (3.56), (4.678);

mysql> select * from floatt1;
+------+
| a    |
+------+
| 1.00 |
| 2.50 |
| 3.56 |
| 4.68 |
+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

-- Create a table named "floattable" with 1 attributes of a "float"
create table floattable ( a float not null default 1, big float(20,5) primary key);
insert into floattable (big) values (-1),(12345678.901234567),(92233720368547.75807);

mysql> select * from floattable order by a desc, big asc;
+------+----------------------+
| a    | big                  |
+------+----------------------+
|    1 |             -1.00000 |
|    1 |       12345679.00000 |
|    1 | 92233718038528.00000 |
+------+----------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select min(big),max(big),max(big)-1 from floattable;
+----------+----------------------+----------------+
| min(big) | max(big)             | max(big) - 1   |
+----------+----------------------+----------------+
| -1.00000 | 92233718038528.00000 | 92233718038527 |
+----------+----------------------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)

二进制类型

数据类型 存储空间 最小值 最大值 语法表示 描述
BIT 1bytes 0 18446744073709551615 BIT(M) 存储 bit 数据的数据类型，M 支持的范围：1 到 64。M 默认为 1，如果存储的数据不足 M bits，则靠左补 0 补齐长度

示例

create table t1 (a bit);
mysql> desc  t1;--bit(M) 默认 M 为 1
+-------+--------+------+------+---------+-------+---------+
| Field | Type   | Null | Key  | Default | Extra | Comment |
+-------+--------+------+------+---------+-------+---------+
| a     | BIT(1) | YES  |      | NULL    |       |         |
+-------+--------+------+------+---------+-------+---------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

create table t2 (a bit(8));

-- 用 bit-value literal 语法赋值
insert into t2 values (0b1);
insert into t2 values (b'1');
mysql> select * from t2;
+------------+
| a          |
+------------+
| 0x01       |
| 0x01       |
+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

truncate table t2;

--用 hex-value literal 语法赋值
insert into t2 values (0x10);
insert into t2 values (x'10');
mysql> select * from t2;
+------------+
| a          |
+------------+
| 0x10       |
| 0x10       |
+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

truncate table t2;

--支持用 int 类型赋值，但是 int 的二进制表示长度不能超过 bit 类型的长度
insert into t2 values (255);--a = b'11111111'
mysql> insert into t2 values (256);--256 的 2 进制表示长度超过 8
ERROR 20301 (HY000): invalid input: data too long, type width = 8, val = 100000000

mysql> select * from t2;
+------------+
| a          |
+------------+
| 0xFF       |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

truncate table t2;

--浮点型数据，会先将浮点型四舍五入转成 int 型，然后按照 int 类型赋值
insert into t2 values (2.1);--a = b'00000010'
mysql> select * from t2;
+------------+
| a          |
+------------+
| 0x02       |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

truncate table t2;

--字符型数据存储的是其编码值，同样整个字符串转换成的编码总长度不能超过 bit 类型
insert into t2 values ('a');--a = b'01100001' 
mysql> insert into t2 values ('啊');--utf8('啊') = 0xe5958a；
ERROR 20301 (HY000): invalid input: data too long, type width = 8, val = 111001011001010110001010

mysql> select * from t2;
+------------+
| a          |
+------------+
| 0x61       |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

字符串类型

数据类型 存储空间 长度 语法表示 描述
char 24 bytes 0 ~ 4294967295 CHAR 定长字符串
varchar 24 bytes 0 ~ 4294967295 VARCHAR 变长字符串
binary 255 bytes 0 ~ 65535 BINARY(M) 类似于 CHAR，二进制字符串
varbinary 255 bytes 0 ~ 65535 VARBINARY(M) 类似于 VARCHAR，二进制字符串
text 1 GB other types mapping TEXT 长文本数据，不区分 TINY TEXT、MEDIUM TEXT 和 LONG TEXT
blob 1 GB other types mapping BLOB 二进制的长文本数据，不区分 TINY BLOB、MEDIUM BLOB 和 LONGBLOB
enum 1 byte 或 2 bytes 0 ~ 65535 enum 一个枚举类型。它是一个字符串对象，只能从 value1、value2 等值列表中选择一个值，或者是 NULL 或特殊的 '' 错误值。枚举值在内部表示为整数。

示例

  • CHAR 和 VARCHAR
-- Create a table named "names" with 2 attributes of a "varchar" and a "char"
create table names(name varchar(255),age char(255));
insert into names(name, age) values('Abby', '24');
insert into names(name, age) values("Bob", '25');
insert into names(name, age) values('Carol', "23");
insert into names(name, age) values("Dora", "29");

mysql> select name,age from names;
+-------+------+
| name  | age  |
+-------+------+
| Abby  | 24   |
| Bob   | 25   |
| Carol | 23   |
| Dora  | 29   |
+-------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • BINARY 和 VARBINARY
-- Create a table named "names" with 2 attributes of a "VARBINARY" and a "BINARY"
create table names(name varbinary(255),age binary(255));
insert into names(name, age) values('Abby', '24');
insert into names(name, age) values("Bob", '25');
insert into names(name, age) values('Carol', "23");
insert into names(name, age) values("Dora", "29");

mysql> select name,age from names;
+--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| name         | age                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
+--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 0x41626279   | 0x323400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 |
| 0x426F62     | 0x323500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 |
| 0x4361726F6C | 0x323300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 |
| 0x446F7261   | 0x323900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 |
+--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
  • TEXT
-- Create a table named "texttest" with 1 attribute of a "text"
create table texttest (a text);
insert into texttest values('abcdef');
insert into texttest values('_bcdef');
insert into texttest values('a_cdef');
insert into texttest values('ab_def');
insert into texttest values('abc_ef');
insert into texttest values('abcd_f');
insert into texttest values('abcde_');

mysql> select * from texttest where a like 'ab\_def' order by 1 asc;
+--------+
| a      |
+--------+
| ab_def |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
  • BLOB
-- Create a table named "blobtest" with 1 attribute of a "blob"
create table blobtest (a blob);
insert into blobtest values('abcdef');
insert into blobtest values('_bcdef');
insert into blobtest values('a_cdef');
insert into blobtest values('ab_def');
insert into blobtest values('abc_ef');
insert into blobtest values('abcd_f');
insert into blobtest values('abcde_');

mysql> select * from blobtest where a like 'ab\_def' order by 1 asc;
+----------------+
| a              |
+----------------+
| 0x61625F646566 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
  • ENUM
-- Create a table named "enumtest" with 1 attribute of a "enum"
CREATE TABLE enumtest (color ENUM('red', 'green', 'blue'));
INSERT INTO enumtest (color) VALUES ('red');
mysql> SELECT * FROM enumtest WHERE color = 'green';
+-------+
| color |
+-------+
| green |
+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

JSON 数据类型

JSON 数据类型 解释
对象 对象使用 {} 括起来，元素之间用 , 分隔。JSON 对象中的值/键可以为 String、Nubmber、Bool、时间。
数组 数组使用 [] 括起来，元素之间用逗号 , 分隔。JSON 数组中值可以为 String、Nubmber、Bool、时间。

示例

-- Create a table named "jsontest" with 1 attribute of a "json"
create table jsontest (a json,b int);
insert into jsontest values ('{"t1":"a"}',1),('{"t1":"b"}',2);

mysql> select * from jsontest;
+-------------+------+
| a           | b    |
+-------------+------+
| {"t1": "a"} |    1 |
| {"t1": "b"} |    2 |
+-------------+------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

时间与日期类型

数据类型 存储空间 精度 最小值 最大值 语法表示
Time 8 byte microsecond -2562047787:59:59.999999 2562047787:59:59.999999 hh:mm:ss.ssssss
Date 4 byte day 0001-01-01 9999-12-31 YYYY-MM-DD/YYYYMMDD
DateTime 8 byte microsecond 0001-01-01 00:00:00.000000 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999 YYYY-MM-DD hh:mi:ssssss
TIMESTAMP 8 byte microsecond 0001-01-01 00:00:00.000000 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999 YYYYMMDD hh:mi:ss.ssssss

时间与日期部分类型支持在插入数据时添加以下 hint 值：

  • Time：{t 'xx'}，{time 'xx'}

  • Date：{d 'xx'}，{date 'xx'}

  • TIMESTAMP：{ts 'xx'}，{timestamp 'xx'}

示例

  • TIME
-- Create a table named "timetest" with 1 attributes of a "time"
create table time_02(t1 time);
insert into time_02 values(200),(time'23:29:30'),({t'12:11:12'}),('');

mysql> select * from time_02;
+----------+
| t1       |
+----------+
| 00:02:00 |
| 23:29:30 |
| 12:11:12 |
| NULL     |
+----------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
  • DATE
-- Create a table named "datetest" with 1 attributes of a "date"
create table datetest (a date not null, primary key(a));
insert into datetest values ({d'2022-01-01'}), ('20220102'),(date'2022-01-03'),({d now()});
mysql> select * from datetest;
+------------+
| a          |
+------------+
| 2022-01-01 |
| 2022-01-02 |
| 2022-01-03 |
| 2024-03-19 |
+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • DATETIME
-- Create a table named "datetimetest" with 1 attributes of a "datetime"
create table datetimetest (a datetime(0) not null, primary key(a));
insert into datetimetest values ('20200101000000'), ('2022-01-02'), ('2022-01-02 00:00:01'), ('2022-01-02 00:00:01.512345');

mysql> select * from datetimetest order by a asc;
+---------------------+
| a                   |
+---------------------+
| 2020-01-01 00:00:00 |
| 2022-01-02 00:00:00 |
| 2022-01-02 00:00:01 |
| 2022-01-02 00:00:02 |
+---------------------+
4 rows in set (0.02 sec)
  • TIMESTAMP
-- Create a table named "timestamptest" with 1 attribute of a "timestamp"
create table timestamptest (a timestamp(0) not null, primary key(a));
insert into timestamptest values ('20200101000000'), (timestamp'2022-01-02 11:30:40'), ({ts'2022-01-02 00:00:01'}), ({ts current_timestamp});

mysql> select * from timestamptest;
+---------------------+
| a                   |
+---------------------+
| 2020-01-01 00:00:00 |
| 2022-01-02 11:30:40 |
| 2022-01-02 00:00:01 |
| 2024-03-19 17:22:08 |
+---------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Bool 类型

数据类型 存储空间
True 1 byte
False 1 byte

示例

-- Create a table named "booltest" with 2 attribute of a "boolean" and b "bool"
create table booltest (a boolean,b bool);
insert into booltest values (0,1),(true,false),(true,1),(0,false),(NULL,NULL);

mysql> select * from booltest;
+-------+-------+
| a     | b     |
+-------+-------+
| false | true  |
| true  | false |
| true  | true  |
| false | false |
| NULL  | NULL  |
+-------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

定点类型 Decimal

数据类型 存储空间 精度 语法表示
Decimal64 8 byte 18 位 Decimal(N,S)
N 表示数字位数的总数，范围是 (1 ~ 18)，小数点和 -（负数）符号不包括在 N 中。
如果 N 被省略，默认值应该取最大，即取值 18。
S 表示是小数点（标度）后面的位数，范围是 (0 ~ N)
如果 S 是 0，则值没有小数点或分数部分。如果 S 被省略，默认是 0，例如 Decimal(10)，等同于 Decimal(10, 0)
例如 Decimal(10,8)，即表示数字总长度为 10，小数位为 8。
Decimal128 16 byte 38 位 Decimal(N,S)
N 表示数字位数的总数，范围是 (18 ~ 38)，小数点和 -（负数）符号不包括在 N 中。
如果 N 被省略，默认值应该取最大，即取值 38。
S 表示是小数点（标度）后面的位数，范围是 (0 ~ N)
如果 S 是 0，则值没有小数点或分数部分。如果 S 被省略，默认是 0，例如 Decimal(20)，等同于 Decimal(20, 0)。
例如 Decimal(20,19)，即表示数字总长度为 20，小数位为 19。

示例

-- Create a table named "decimalTest" with 2 attribute of a "decimal" and b "decimal"
create table decimalTest(a decimal(6,3), b decimal(24,18));
insert into decimalTest values(123.4567, 123456.1234567891411241355);

mysql> select * from decimalTest;
+---------+---------------------------+
| a       | b                         |
+---------+---------------------------+
| 123.457 | 123456.123456789141124136 |
+---------+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

UUID 类型

UUID 类型 解释
UUID 由 32 个 16 进制数字和 4 个连字符‘-’组成 UUID 值，形式为 8-4-4-4-12，标准的 UUID 示例：a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11。

示例

-- 创建一个名为 't1' 的新表，并设置 'a' 列为 UUID 类型，同时将 'a' 列设置为主键
create table t1(a uuid primary key);

-- 向 't1' 表的 'a' 列插入一个新的 UUID 值
insert into t1 values (uuid());

-- 查询 't1' 表中 'a' 列的值转换为字符串后的长度
mysql> select length(cast(a as varchar)) from t1;
+----------------------------+
| length(cast(a as varchar)) |
+----------------------------+
|                         36 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

-- 查询 t1 表中的所有记录，其值是一个 UUID
mysql> select * from t1;
+--------------------------------------+
| a                                    |
+--------------------------------------+
| 948d8e4e-1b00-11ee-b656-5ad2460dea50 |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

向量数据类型

类型 解释
vecf32 向量列类型为 float32
vecf64 向量列类型为 float64

示例

create table t1(n1 vecf32(3), n2 vecf64(2));
insert into t1 values("[1,2,3]",'[4,5]');

mysql> select * from t1;
+-----------+--------+
| n1        | n2     |
+-----------+--------+
| [1, 2, 3] | [4, 5] |
+-----------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)