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COALESCE()

函数说明

COALESCE (expression_1, expression_2, ...,expression_n) 依次参考各参数表达式，遇到非 null 值即停止并返回该值。如果所有的表达式都是空值，最终将返回一个空值。

使用 COALESCE 在于大部分包含空值的表达式最终将返回空值。

语法

> COALESCE(value1, value2, ...., value_n)

参数释义

Arguments Description
value1, value2, value_n Required. The values to test

示例

  • 示例：计算
mysql> SELECT COALESCE(1)+COALESCE(1);
+---------------------------+
| coalesce(1) + coalesce(1) |
+---------------------------+
|                         2 |
+---------------------------+
  • 示例：比较运算
drop table if exists t2;
create table t2(a float, b datetime);
insert into t2 values (12.345, '2022-02-20 10:10:10.999999');
insert into t2 values (3.45646, NULL);
insert into t2 values(NULL, '2023-04-03 22:10:29.999999');
insert into t2 values (NULL, NULL);

mysql> select * from t2;
+---------+---------------------+
| a       | b                   |
+---------+---------------------+
|  12.345 | 2022-02-20 10:10:11 |
| 3.45646 | NULL                |
|    NULL | 2023-04-03 22:10:30 |
|    NULL | NULL                |
+---------+---------------------+
mysql> select coalesce(a, 1.0) from t2;
+--------------------+
| coalesce(a, 1.0)   |
+--------------------+
| 12.345000267028809 |
| 3.4564599990844727 |
|                  1 |
|                  1 |
+--------------------+
mysql> select coalesce(a, 1) from t2;
+--------------------+
| coalesce(a, 1)     |
+--------------------+
| 12.345000267028809 |
| 3.4564599990844727 |
|                  1 |
|                  1 |
+--------------------+
mysql> select coalesce(b, 2022-01-01) from t2;
+---------------------------+
| coalesce(b, 2022 - 1 - 1) |
+---------------------------+
| 2022-02-20 10:10:11       |
| 2020                      |
| 2023-04-03 22:10:30       |
| 2020                      |
+---------------------------+
  • 示例：含有 ORDER BY 子句
CREATE TABLE t1 ( a INTEGER, b varchar(255) );
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1,'z');
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (2,'y');
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (3,'x');

mysql> SELECT MIN(b) AS min_b FROM t1 GROUP BY a ORDER BY COALESCE(MIN(b), 'a');
+-------+
| min_b |
+-------+
| x     |
| y     |
| z     |
+-------+

mysql> SELECT MIN(b) AS min_b FROM t1 GROUP BY a ORDER BY COALESCE(min_b, 'a');
+-------+
| min_b |
+-------+
| x     |
| y     |
| z     |
+-------+

mysql> SELECT MIN(b) AS min_b FROM t1 GROUP BY a ORDER BY COALESCE(MIN(b), 'a') DESC;
+-------+
| min_b |
+-------+
| z     |
| y     |
| x     |
+-------+
  • 示例：含有 Case When 子句
mysql> select if(1, cast(1111111111111111111 as unsigned), 1) i,case when 1 then cast(1111111111111111111 as unsigned) else 1 end c, coalesce(cast(1111111111111111111 as unsigned), 1) co;
+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| i                   | c                   | co                  |
+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| 1111111111111111111 | 1111111111111111111 | 1111111111111111111 |
+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
  • 示例：IN Subquery
CREATE TABLE ot (col_int_nokey int(11), col_varchar_nokey varchar(1));
INSERT INTO ot VALUES (1,'x');
CREATE TABLE it (col_int_key int(11), col_varchar_key varchar(1));
INSERT INTO it VALUES (NULL,'x'), (NULL,'f');

mysql> SELECT col_int_nokey FROM ot WHERE col_varchar_nokey IN(SELECT col_varchar_key FROM it WHERE coalesce(col_int_nokey, 1) );
+---------------+
| col_int_nokey |
+---------------+
|             1 |
+---------------+
  • 示例：含有 WHERE 子句
CREATE TABLE ot1(a INT);
CREATE TABLE ot2(a INT);
CREATE TABLE ot3(a INT);
CREATE TABLE it1(a INT);
CREATE TABLE it2(a INT);
CREATE TABLE it3(a INT);
INSERT INTO ot1 VALUES(0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7);
INSERT INTO ot2 VALUES(0),(2),(4),(6);
INSERT INTO ot3 VALUES(0),(3),(6);
INSERT INTO it1 VALUES(0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7);
INSERT INTO it2 VALUES(0),(2),(4),(6);
INSERT INTO it3 VALUES(0),(3),(6);

mysql> SELECT * FROM ot1 LEFT JOIN ot2 ON ot1.a=ot2.a WHERE COALESCE(ot2.a,0) IN (SELECT a FROM it3);
+------+------+
| a    | a    |
+------+------+
|    0 |    0 |
|    1 | NULL |
|    3 | NULL |
|    5 | NULL |
|    6 |    6 |
|    7 | NULL |
+------+------+
  • 示例：HAVING
drop table if exists t1;
create table t1(a datetime);
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (NULL), ('2001-01-01 00:00:00.12'), ('2002-01-01 00:00:00.567');

mysql> select a from t1 group by a having COALESCE(a)<"2002-01-01";
+---------------------+
| a                   |
+---------------------+
| 2001-01-01 00:00:00 |
+---------------------+
  • 示例：ON CONDITION
drop table if exists t1;
drop table if exists t2;
create table t1(a INT,  b varchar(255));
create table t2(a INT,  b varchar(255));
insert into t1 values(1, "你好"), (3, "再见");
insert into t2 values(2, "日期时间"), (4, "明天");
> SELECT t1.a, t2.a FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON (length(COALESCE(t1.b)) = length(COALESCE(t2.b)));
+------+------+
| a    | a    |
+------+------+
|    1 |    4 |
|    3 |    4 |
+------+------+