Data Types¶

MatrixOne data types are largely consistent with MySQL conventions and extend them with types such as VECTOR and DATALINK. The following tables summarize commonly used product types and their ranges. For details not listed here, refer to the behavior of the instance engine.

Integers¶

Type	Storage	Signed range (summary)	Unsigned range
TINYINT	1 byte	-128 to 127	0 to 255
SMALLINT	2 bytes	-32768 to 32767	0 to 65535
INT	4 bytes	Approximately ±2.1e9	0 to approximately 4.2e9
BIGINT	8 bytes	Approximately ±9.2e18	0 to approximately 1.8e19

Floating-point and exact numeric types¶

Type	Description
FLOAT / FLOAT32	Single precision. You can use `FLOAT(M,D)` to control display precision (M and D have upper limits).
DOUBLE / FLOAT64	Double precision. You can use `DOUBLE(M,D)`.
DECIMAL	Exact numeric type, suitable for fixed-point values such as monetary amounts.

Floating-point values have rounding errors. Prefer DECIMAL for financial data and counts.

Strings and binary types¶

Type	Description
CHAR / VARCHAR	Fixed-length / variable-length strings
BINARY / VARBINARY	Binary strings
TEXT / BLOB	Long text / binary large objects. TINY, MEDIUM, LONG, and similar subtype names are handled as the same large-object type when they are not distinguished.
ENUM	Enumeration whose values come from a predefined string list and are represented internally as integers
BIT(M)	Bit string. M ranges from 1 to 64 and defaults to 1.

Date and time¶

Type	Description
DATE	Date
TIME	Time
DATETIME	Date and time
TIMESTAMP	Timestamp. Time-zone behavior is affected by settings such as `time_zone`.
YEAR	Year

Initialization rules for TIMESTAMP, including default values and ON UPDATE, are similar to MySQL. Actual support depends on the current instance.

JSON¶

Stores JSON documents. Use functions such as JSON_EXTRACT, JSON_EXTRACT_STRING, JSON_EXTRACT_FLOAT64, and JQ / TRY_JQ to query and transform them. See Functions.

UUID¶

The UUID type stores universally unique identifiers generated by functions such as UUID().

DATALINK¶

References file resources in external locations or Stages. It can be used with LOAD_FILE / SAVE_FILE for unstructured or file-based data references. Availability depends on the product capabilities currently enabled.

VECTOR¶

Designed for embeddings and similarity search:

Item	Description
Element type	Currently `vecf32` (float32) and `vecf64` (float64)
Dimensions	Specified when the column is created, such as `vecf32(768)`. The upper limit is high; documentation commonly lists approximately 65,536.
Shape	One-dimensional vectors, not general multidimensional matrices
Constraint	Cannot be used as a primary or unique key
Search	Used with `L2_DISTANCE`, `COSINE_SIMILARITY`, `INNER_PRODUCT`, and vector indexes such as IVF Flat

CREATE TABLE t1 (
  id INT,
  emb vecf32(3)
);

Insertion supports literal arrays and other forms. The exact literal syntax depends on the client and version.

Type conversion¶

Implicit conversion: When the types on both sides of an expression differ, the engine promotes or converts them according to its rules. It reports an error if conversion fails.
Explicit conversion: Use CAST(), CONVERT(), BINARY(), and similar operations. See Operators.